Two pages from a ripped journal anchor the composition. One reveals fragments about toxic shame, loss of self-esteem, and reactivity to abandonment. The other is too obscure to make out. These pages are pasted onto a yonic protrusion, surrounded by various painted elements suggesting body and food.
In the upper portion, there are fries inspired by Philip Guston's Painting, Smoking, Eating (1973). Below, smears of paint suggest raw meat, while a folded cloth appears frozen mid-wipe, combining food dye green with that Guston pink. Transparent drops of glazing medium, suggesting semen, are scattered across the meat and journal entries. The loose, gestural technique attempts to capture the frantic energy of someone engaging in all these activities—journaling, eating, painting, and masturbating.
The title shortcomings operate on multiple levels: it makes a self-deprecating sexual pun, it borrows from Adrian Tomine's graphic novel about Asian American male identity and desire, it references personal limitations evidenced in the journal entries. Falling short of expectations as I attempt to journal while eating while painting while masturbating.
pencil on papaer 12x9in 2017
vomit studies, acrylic on wood 2023
Blood—both actual and painted—entered my work as my practice became a way to transform self-destructive impulses into creative ones. Cutting is an effective way of regulating intense negative mood states. It works through a few functions, tiring me out physically, adrenaline and pain leading to a quick crash, and then emotionally because of the inner drama that unfolds. It feels like I’m punishing myself, an outlet for anger, which turns to self-pity, then self-compassion, and maybe a good cry for further emotional relief. Beyond these mind-body effects, incorporating the blood into paintings solidifies my commitment to art which gives me a sense of control and progress. While I never cut specifically to make art, periods of stuckness in art often contribute to a buildup of panic that results in a small break, perhaps the risk of taking loud b- paintings too seriously.
(boogers) acrylic, my blood on canvas 20x16in 2024
acrylic, medium, modeling paste on canvas 11x14in 2024
Beyond mimetic mark-making, my practice has become a tool for forced self-reflection. Forced because these themes emerged despite resistance—more Fauvist liesure scenes would be nice, but suppressing the more shameful subjects only delayed their eventual surfacing, addressing them in the paintings and in myself. It’s like the boogers never stopped. The canvas became a surface to catch what bubbled up, transforming something better off wrapped up in tissue or kept in my body into something I can put on my website.
The companion piece to shortcomings (2024), vomit and bird poop on bones (2024) is another example of this transformation. Completed after a museum hopping trip to NYC this June where food poisoning and Charli XCX’s Brat green provided unexpected inspiration, it uses modeling paste to create bone-like structures covered in painted bodily fluids, by humans and birds. The messy combination felt true to both personal experience and artistic influences.
My practice continues to find new ways to catch what emerges, turning things better kept private into formal experiments. The resulting works maintain the tension between revelation and concealment, the mindful and the primal, and the personal and universal in addition to being another form of emotional regulation.
November ‘22
The first english album I listened to on repeat was Akon's Freedom from 2008. I paced the park next to our condo, trying to exorcize the longing for whoever I had a crush on at the time through Akon's celebration of beauty, airing of regrets, and mourning the imminent ending of that love. Back in China, my favorite was the Taiwanese singer, Jeff Chang, the ‘Prince of Love Ballads’ in the mandarin pop world. He has been prolific since the early 90s. The lyrics are overtly sentimental, often paired with orchestral piano and strings. Like Akon's Freedom, Chang’s albums speak to the woes of being in love.
In the spring of 2020, Travis Scott's ASTROWORLD from 2018 was the album I played on repeat. I was drawn to the album’s world-building energy. It is named after a defunct theme park in Houston. Eventually I decided to make a series of pastel drawings about it. I picked up a cheap tray of pastels a few months prior, hoping something would happen with them, and nothing did. I wanted to use this series to mimic the style of the painter Odilon Redon, who worked often in chalk and created dreamy variations of familiar motifs. I included figures from a Paul Gauguin painting, Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Gauguin's figures fit well into my series, and I saw the large painting by him in person regularly at the museum where I worked, so it was at the forefront of my mind. The title of the painting also mirrors Scott's song WHO? WHAT? on ASTROWORLD."
Making art feels like world-building, something like a game. Set some boundaries (medium, size, color scheme), add context, make up some rules, and bump up the difficulty and keep it interesting. For me, having an art practice has many ties to spiritual and mystical instincts. Art is game elevated to the level of belief by the intricate rituals and intentions genuine enough to appease the creative spirits. It seems plausible to me that if you take a collection of crystals, arrange them in a certain way, during a certain point of the moon cycle, suffuse them with smoke by burning a particular plant, and recite your intentions, it would result in an untangling of the pain body. My openness to mystical ideas is partly temperamental. In 4th grade, my first year in America, our teacher played the movie Matilda for the class. I didn't understand the words, but I identified with Matilda so strongly that I convinced myself I could move things with my mind too. I intuited from the movie that being a sad child gave you super powers. So for a couple of weeks after seeing the movie, I was persistent in awakening this power. I experimented with different objects, moods, times, on my own, and around people. It never worked, but I really really believed it could have. In some ways, that's what making art feels like now; it's a little bit silly, alienating, and sometimes cringe, and sometimes I really believe in it.
The manners between Jeff Chang and Travis Scott are vastly different. Chang is sentimental; he frequently uses love/heart in his titles. He's obsessed; he would wait many lifetimes for his love to be reciprocated and is at peace knowing it might never happen. He's desperate, in 愛就一個字 [love is a single word], he refrains [I will scale mountains and cross waters for you, and I will not take the time to admire the scenery]. He nurses his jealousy in 爱如潮水 [love like a tide] by pleading with her to [not wander in the night, giving others a chance to admire your beauty, because doing so would break my heart]. Scott will not risk coming across like Chang. The vibe of ASTROWORLD is closer to the Art of War by Sun Tzu. The base sounds like drums on a battlefield. He rests in order to attack. "infiltrate the enemy moving on them randomly," he raps in ASTROTHUNDER. He reflects on his vulnerability while asserting his greatness in STOP TRYING TO BE GOD. He is often under attack. Paranoid even, "they're outside they really tryin' to end me, who's that creeping through my window" -5% TINT. He lures us in with his spacey psychedelic tunes, like a peacock opening up its tail to mesmerize mates and prey alike.
The imaginary world can be as dysfunctional as the ones we're escaping. Like Scott sings in CAROUSEL, "new world, new sky, it's so blue it's black too." The new world often perpetuates limiting narratives, which can escalate male sadness and anger resulting in repressive responses to the hurt caused by getting close to someone and even limit the definitions of love. Scott was four when the Astroworld theme park closed. The potency of ASTROWORLD leads me to think the memories associated with the early years of his life must hold a lot of weight for it to be featured so prominently in the creation of this new world. Seeing these albums through this lens affirms my growing awareness of trauma's pervasiveness and how our present-day situations are often colored by what happened in our childhoods.
December ‘21 *on suicidal ideations
(attempt) oil on canvas 24x26in 2021
The last time I made a serious attempt at my life, in 2017, it failed. I carved into my wrist until I lost consciousness while my roommates were away. As I sat in the tub, my thoughts digressed, and my energy drained. The paranoia led to a feeling of criminality often felt during episodes of self-harm. These episodes are compartmentalized immediately because they integrate poorly with daily life. One of the first series of paintings I made was of scenes I've struggled to integrate. I hoped putting them down on paper would somehow dispel the limiting effect of identifying with them.
The first of three sketches were of me sleeping in a recycling dumpster, the green steel ones with black plastic lids that I slept in when I spent the night outdoors in the winter months to avoid and escape violent confrontations with my father. When it wasn't raining or snowing, I slept on the ground in wooded areas, or I'd stroll around town until classes began the following day. The only time a car stopped for me, I got in; the two men drove to Milwaukee, handed off a bag of meth in someone's driveway, took my cash at the gas station afterward, and dropped me off at a local high school. The next sketch was the first time I was brought to be evaluated, then placed in a mental health in-patient program in a cop car. After the officer handcuffed me to the hospital bed, he talked about how things aren't so bad and recommended the movie It's a Wonderful Life. I'll be admitted six more times. And the final scene depicts me watching porn with the workers for my father's restaurant that stayed in our living room before the family grew and moved. The first time it happened, I was 10, my father was gone, and I wandered downstairs well past midnight and saw them watching it in a circle. The atmosphere wasn't sexual; it felt more like a prank. None of them seemed aroused or embarrassed, just amused by my presence. Usually, they watched Chinese or Taiwanese films from the nineties and early aughts. My fascination with porn entertained them, and some would lend me their laptops before going to bed so I could stay up to watch on my own; this was how I watched porn for some time. I developed a porn addiction that lasted until my early twenties.
oil on paper 18x24in 2016
They were mostly undocumented workers. I had little understanding of the precarity of their lives then, but I think we shared a longing for home, which only existed in the past. I desperately wanted them to remain part of my life; I saw some of them as family. The dynamic with these workers exacerbated my attachment issues when I arrived in America escorted by a stranger I never saw again; I met my father in person for the first time and was separated from everyone I've been around until age 9. I cried every day and night for a few months and almost every night for the rest of the year. I had recurrent nightmares and often woke up disoriented by the idea that I was so far from my family that when it was daytime for me, it was nighttime for them. That was the most traumatizing time because I did not have the tools to cope with the indefinite absence and eventual estrangement from everyone I loved.
I spent most of my time outside of school working at my father's restaurant. The first weeks in America were spent peeling shrimp in the kitchen while I waited to be registered for school. I bonded with the workers over the boss's shortcomings. I tried to entertain them with my impersonation of characters played by the actor Stephen Chow in his slapstick comedies, reenactments of stand-up routines I memorized from the Chinese New Year's Gala from previous years, and ironically reciting lyrics by the singer Jeff Chang and other romantic ballads. I was obsessed with regurgitating the zeitgeist of the moment and place that was home. I hoped the workers would like the town of Waukesha so that they would stay, but they never lasted long, and the longer they stayed, the more painful it was to see them go, often without warning. They worked 72 hour weeks, and on their day off each week, they logged onto QQ to chat with their families, played computer games, did laundry, and cooked meals with minimal ingredients. I would become distraught when they mentioned anything hinting at plans to leave. The same emotions would arise when my future colleagues mentioned going to grad school, looking for other jobs, or moving, which is what people my age talk about in entry-level jobs. An emotional whiplash perpetuating a belief in the futility of secure connections.
So I sat in the tub and started to fade out. I wanted to write "so it goes" in blood on the side of the tub but thought better of it. The last things I recalled were cutting into a part that felt like the bows on a violin, watching an exposed tendon moving back and forth while I opened and closed my palm, and squeezing my upper arm as blood sprayed onto my chest. I woke up to my roommate knocking on the door, realizing the cut wasn't deep enough, and the drying blood clogged the wound. When the paramedic arrived, one remarked that it looked like I had lost half a pint of blood. I thought it was a low estimate since most of it had run down the drain, and I felt ashamed for all the times I couldn't end my life correctly. I've long identified with the boy who cried wolf in my experience with suicidal behaviors because my aliveness contradicts my cries. I also identify with the fable because I often dread that my life will be a cautionary tale of the fool variety.
When I returned from the hospital, I was fined a $600 fee for "suicide attempt cleanup" by the apartment complex, which the memo helpfully listed and a letter of eviction. (The eviction was mainly because I was already living "under the radar", my previous roommates were two international students who left for the summer and refused to pay rent, leading to my first eviction.) I consider it the same kind of violence as future employers responding to low morale by hiring external consultants to share research on living wages and then continue to pay its workers less than three-quarters of the listed amount. The same disregard for the precarious but slower and equipped with a robust public relations apparatus.
The suicidal urges are amnesiac in nature, and things turn absurd after a few days of contemplation. It changes the brain; there was a period where I routinely counted on my eventual suicide to avoid tasks, mostly stuff involving paperwork like applying for healthcare, loan payments, the mounting documents required of someone living in persistent crisis. Mundane choices get filtered through the new mindset. The amount of groceries to get, how to interact with people, and whether to continue habits developed to prevent these feelings or sink into a brief hedonic spell. The dissonance goes wild; why did I order new contact lenses? Why am I still eating turmeric? Every little thing becomes a reluctant commitment to a future.
The inability to cope with loneliness and hopelessness drive these urges, and I've found those to be self-perpetuating states. Seeing couples and seemingly happy children brings up a wave of resentment on very bad days. They appear so far from my reality that they look like a commercial. It's obvious most socialized kids become integrated adults who have good enough social lives. The necessary social ties to be acquired as a lonely person become riskier to attempt, for even perceived rejection comes with an unpredictable period of dysregulation. The intense loneliness becomes a barrier to connection, which feels akin to a starving person being rejected food due to poor meal etiquette. Perhaps a nourished person would appreciate the culinary experience more. The same gesture that appears savage for the starved person might be perceived as quirkiness or enthusiasm for the well-fed. God forbid the desperate person commits a faux pas while trying to obtain what is essential to survive. But once the resentment fades, it's not so clear who's doing the rejecting.
But I digress. The best advice I've gotten for not acting on suicidal urges is from a doctor who oversaw my treatment twice at an in-patient program in Boston. He told me the next time I find myself in a moment of acute suicidality, which I probably will again, to wait. It’s worked for me because the urge always subsides enough to be managed or pass entirely in a few hours or days. It's simple, but it can be the most challenging thing in the moment, a moment preceded by years of waiting, drenched in the emotional turmoil via the warping effect of trauma, where the buffer of time, distance from danger, and perspective dissolves. And that is when the wait begins.
October ‘20
Desk is one of five in a series I painted in the final weeks of 2019. The series is about my ambivalence to keeping a routine when everything feels broken. The painting depicts my job; a broken monitor, the keyboard, and germs. I work in the member and visitor services department at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. The style of this series was inspired by the painter Philip Guston. Around this time, I learned the MFA was involved in the upcoming Guston show, which included three other museums. Here, desk serves as a segue to my thoughts relating to the postponement of this exhibition. The show, Philip Guston Now, already rescheduled to open this fall due to covid-19, has been postponed until 2024. The reason given for the postponement was a chance to reframe the programming and bring in additional perspectives to shape the presentation of Guston's work in response to the shift in contexts due to recent events.
The call for more perspectives led me to think about what contexts are most relevant to me, as someone who relies on one of the institutions for employment and access to art. The perspectives I'm engaging in do not address racism directly. I don't feel physically or emotionally threatened by the characters Guston drew and painted, nor do I think my experience is misrepresented or minimized. Still, I can imagine someone having such reactions. With two to three years to reframe a completed show, I hope additional conversations can be had alongside a dialogue about the ongoing anti-black racism in America.
Guston's late work had many themes; loneliness, evil, the artist, his admiration for Italian Renaissance painters, doom, and ways to cope, but the two I find most relevant and all-encompassing is power and self-reflection. Guston exposed corrupt power with the Nixon comics, stripped power away by painting KKK figures as cartoonish characters in compromised states, and resisted it by parting with his generation's dominant style, abstract expressionism. He reflected on his capacities for evil by painting hooded figures as a stand-in for the artist in the studio, contemplating canvases, and performing mundane activities—artists and critics as the evildoer.
The proposed topic of conversation concerns Guston's reminder of the enduring threat of corrupt power. A self-reflection by the Museum's administration on power dynamics within its organization and its culpability in race/class disparities. The museum claims in the plaque for the newly installed mural, No Weapon Formed Against Thee Shall Prosper, at the MFA's front lawn: "...[T]he MFA works to be a site where critical dialogues can take place in the presence of, inspired by, and provoked by great art of the past and of our own moment." The dialogue I'm proposing is a critical one and very relevant to the Museum. Failing to engage this dialogue can also be seen as a gesture of nonchalance with existential consequences because, in short, there is a looming climate catastrophe. The crisis exacerbates pr-existing disparities, including racial discrimination addressed by Guston's late motifs.
There is another context that encourages this reflection by the admins of the 150 years old cultural nonprofit. The day before the Guston postponement announcement, MFA staff filed a petition to form a worker's union, representing 231 staff members. An election date by mail is set for late October. The union is a challenge to concentrated power. A small collective is in charge of decisions that impact the institution's employees, visitors, local communities, and the kinds of services provided and to whom. I hope Guston's reflections on power and corruption resonate within the Museum's administration, leading to a candid conversation with the community within and outside its walls. The MFA is a nonprofit, a public cultural institution, not an amoral corporation. To be inclusive, the institution has to exclude conflicting ideologies.
The administration communicated their opposition to the union, and in response to the announcement, hired a law firm with an anti-union history. A weapon can take many forms. Perhaps I was naive for thinking the administration might include in their artillery anecdotes from art history.
In 1980, when Guston died, a homeless teenager in New York City named Jean-Michel Basquiat was transitioning from making word-based graffiti in public spaces to drawings and paintings on moveable surfaces. As I'm writing this, the member preview is taking place for a show featuring Basquiat and his contemporaries at the MFA, titled Writing the Future: Basquiat and the Hip-hop Generation. The context in Basquiat's work is diverse. Things he depicted include slave auctions, police brutality, black people's contributions to culture in America, and mural-sized triptychs filled with art historical references. Some of the themes addressed in his work are anti-black racism in America, capitalism, tokenization, and the art world's brutal commercialization, which contributed to his demise. He died alone at age 27 of a drug overdose.
The Basquiat show is sponsored by Bank of America. The admission fee is $30. There's a discounted option for the final entry timeslot on Wednesdays; the price type is labeled "$5 Wednesdays Presented by Chase". The shop displays aggressively priced merchandise covered in Basquiat's art, hoodies, bags, toy mascot figures. Shirts in collaboration with a clothing brand. There's a $600 chair featuring a painting with the phrase "per capita" drawn twice on the backrest. Since preparedness to present a show in contemporary context and respect for the artist mattered so much that three major American museums postponed a five-year effort by 2-4 years, how does one justify this showcase of Basquiat's work with its insensitive disregard for the context of his life and work?
October ‘20
(family tree) charcoal, oil on canvas 20x16in 2018
I made Family Tree in December of 2018, preceded by a period of deterioration in my mental health. I saw the pictures I was making as transitional works, a transition of skill and content. I was preoccupied with the notion of before and after; dichotomies as the framework. This approach encouraged incremental steps. Each picture called for an expansion or a repudiation by another, a serial process. I had just finished a few pairs of paintings. A depiction of the pulse-y afterimage darkness when I close my eyes, paired with its opposite, blinding light, an almost pure white picture with faint washes of warm and cool tones. A pair of abstract landscapes of large patches of deep reds and violets alluding to doom and ruin.
Family Tree was made throughout an evening, done without any premeditation about the actual mark-making, as I often experience transitional works to be. After settling in from a day at work, I brooded for a while. I thought about death. Then I thought about the passing of my mom. She was 27 when she died. Her death had a new relevance because I was 23, and I worked with some 27-year-olds. Besides our generational difference, trauma and despair are universal, and I could empathize with her situation as a peer.
I remembered the changes that took place during her final years. At 23, she got married and gave birth to me. My father had left a few months before for America to find work as a cook. After a few months, she left me in my paternal grandparents' care and headed for America to join him. They lived in New York City. At 26, she gave birth to my brother. Then the family relocated to central Florida, where she died shortly after. During the final years of her life, she dealt with her partner's absence, gave birth twice, parted with her infant, and transitioned to a precarious life in a foreign land.
Then I looked over the pictures I saved of the police reports and newspaper clippings. She died upon impact when she walked into the path of an oncoming car on a highway one night in December. The newspaper report named the driver of the westbound minivan. I typed that name into a search engine, and I found an obituary for the driver's son, who had the same name, from three months prior. The text mentioned that the father had passed away four days before Jr.
Is there a proper way to act and feel when you're a young person experiencing one separation after another due to circumstances beyond your control? How might witnessing firsthand a gruesome death alter your and your family's life?
I felt moved by intense grief and simultaneously, its release, enchantment via trauma. I treasure these moments, for they often lead to healing tears and an afterglow of gratitude and compassion. What I got from that particular night was an improved readiness to acknowledge the unthinkable, devastating characteristic of life, never far from the periphery.
I made some marks on canvas with soft charcoal. This followed by a crude sketch of the moment of impact, done with leftover paints from the night before. Then I copied an excerpt from the newspaper report and wrote the late father and son's names in the blank spot. Lastly, I sprayed fixative over the paint to make it run like gasoline on wet asphalt. The compositional choices of the picture were arbitrary. It could have been a journal entry. I was using up materials and filling in a blank canvas, which seemed like a good enough reason to do it.